Malaysia Chinese Culture

Malaysia's cultural mosaic is marked by many different cultures, but several in particular have had especially lasting influence on the country. Chief among these is the ancient Malay culture, and the cultures of Malaysia's two most prominent trading partners throughout history–the Chinese, and the Indians. These three groups are joined by a dizzying array of indigenous tribes, many of which live in the forests and coastal areas of Borneo. Although each of these cultures has vigorously maintained its traditions and community structures, they have also blended together to create contemporary Malaysia's uniquely diverse heritage. Populated by the three (3) major races found in Asia, Malaysia culture is a melange of Indian, Malay and Chinese influence The Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese people and is when all family members get together, just like Christmas in the West. All people living away from home go back, becoming the busiest time for transportation systems of about half a month from the Spring Festival. Airports, railway stations and long-distance bus stations are crowded with home returnees. The Chinese character â€Å"fu† (meaning blessing or happiness) is a must. The character put on paper can be pasted normally or upside down, for in Chinese the â€Å"reversed fu† is homophonic with â€Å"fu comes†, both being pronounced as â€Å"fudaole. † What's more, two big red lanterns can be raised on both sides of the front door. Red paper-cuttings can be seen on window glass and brightly colored New Year paintings with auspicious meanings may be put on the wall. Waking up on New Year, everybody dresses up. First they extend greetings to their parents. Then each child will get money as a New Year gift, wrapped up in red paper. People in northern China will eat jiaozi, or dumplings, for breakfast, as they think â€Å"jiaozi† in sound means â€Å"bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new†. Also, the shape of the dumpling is like gold ingot from ancient China. So people eat them and wish for money and treasure. Burning fireworks was once the most typical custom on the Spring Festival. People thought the spluttering sound could help drive away evil spirits. However, such an activity was completely or partially forbidden in big cities once the government took security, noise and pollution factors into consideration. As a replacement, some buy tapes with firecracker sounds to listen to, some break little balloons to get the sound too, while others buy firecracker handicrafts to hang in the living room. People in different places follow various customs, but all show their love and longing for a better life. Today people will enjoy the full moon and eat moon cakes on that day. The moon looks extremely round, big and bright on the 15th day of each lunar month. People selected the August 15 to celebrate because it is a season when crops and fruits are all ripe and weather pleasant. On the Mid-Autumn Festival, all family members or friends meet outside, putting food on tables and looking up at the sky while talking about life. How splendid a moment it is! | There are many legends about the evolution of the festival, the most popular of which is in commemoration of Qu Yuan. People will dragon boat racing, eating zongzi and drinking realgar wine on that day. On Dragon Boat Festival, parents also need to dress their children up with a perfume pouch. They first sew little bags with colorful silk cloth, then fill the bags with perfumes or herbal medicines, and finally string them with silk threads. The perfume pouch will be hung around the neck or tied to the front of a garment as an ornament. They are said to be able to ward off evil. | The Qingming Festival sees a combination of sadness and happiness. This is the most important day of sacrifice. Both the Han and minority ethnic groups at this time offer sacrifices to their ancestors and sweep the tombs of the deceased. Also, they will not cook on this day and only cold food is served. On each Qingming Festival, all cemeteries are crowded with people who came to sweep tombs and offer sacrifices. Traffic on the way to the cemeteries becomes extremely jammed. The customs have been greatly simplified today. After slightly sweeping the tombs, people offer food, flowers and favorites of the dead, then burn incense and paper money and bow before the memorial tablet.

Stem Cell Research Stem Cells - 1999 Words

Many of us have all heard the saying that a â€Å"lizard can lose its tail,† and bizarrely enough it will grow back. This was always considered impossible for humans, an idea belonging in the realm of science fiction, but now the regeneration of tissue is an extremely realistic possibility. Despite some opinions, this process does not happen naturally, or take place as cinematically as one might imagine. Over the past decade, there have been major advances in regenerative medicine, commonly known as stem cell research. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells within the body that have the capability to specialize into any tissue. They are most commonly found in cord blood, bone marrow, organ donations, placenta, and embryos . Stem cells are seen by some as a new miracle treatment, encouraging many countries to invest in their research. The transfer of information, often shared through scientific reports and research, puts this topic in a highly international spotlight. Many supporters believe that stem cells will be able to help solve once untreatable diseases or injuries such as spinal cord injuries, skin burns, Parkinson’s disease, and some blood disorders. However, the main argument is if stem cells should be used in finding therapeutic treatments. The use of embryonic stem cells is viewed by many as a moral inconsistency; it is opposed by religious organizations and individuals believing that this research should be abandoned and existing, alternative methods be adapted.Show MoreRelatedStem Cell Research : Stem Cells1338 Words   |  6 Pages Stem Cells Stem cells are cells that are found throughout the human body. They reproduce over a long period of time without changing. Stem cells can produce specialized cells, such as brain, muscle or lung cells. Stem cells in the last few years have recently made a big debut because medical professionals have discovered so many unique qualities to stem cells. They are on the cutting edge of medicine because of all their uses and the qualities that make them so unique from any other cell in theRead MoreStem Cell Research : Stem Cells1416 Words   |  6 PagesSTEM CELLS In this report, I mainly focused on Stem-Cells. You will read about Stem-Cells and its history from the moment this term was known. Also, you will know the Sources, properties, and the types of Stem-Cells. In addition, you will know some of the pros and cons researches about Stem-Cells. Stem-Cells are cells that have the ability to divide and multiply and renew itself. †¢ Sources of Stem-Cells: 1- The first source is Bone Marrow. 2- The second source isRead MoreStem Cell Research : Stem Cells941 Words   |  4 PagesStem cells have the extraordinary power to develop into several body cell types during early growth and development. (Stem Cell Basics). Stem cells are either embryonic: from a human fetus, or somatic: from an adult (Stem Cell Basics).These cells can be used to rebuild body tissue, treat diseases, and even cure others. They can be more effective in treatment of illness than the common treatment, such as therapy or medication. Stem cells are potentially more medically effective than traditional treatmentsRead MoreStem Cells And Stem Cell Research1310 Words   |  6 Pagesnonspecialized cells which have the potential to create other types of specific cells in order to survive? Those cells are called Stem Cells and they are very crucial to develop organisms. Stem cell research is a subject that most people in the world have a different viewpoint on. Some view the issue of stem cell research and ste m cell therapy as morally wrong and a crime against humanity, others view the study of stem cells as the next step in modern science (Reeve.) I think in some twisted way, stem cellRead MoreStem Cell Research : Stem Cells1261 Words   |  6 Pagescure diseases. Now we have stem cell therapy. Stem cells promise future cures for many currently considered to be â€Å"incurable† diseases, but with more research, we can overcome the controversy surrounding this this topic and help people live longer, improve their quality of life, and save many many lives. To understand the big hype about stem cells, one must know what a stem cell is. Stem cells have specialized functions that have the potential to become any type of cell in the body. According toRead MoreStem Cell Research : Stem Cells999 Words   |  4 PagesSTEM CELLS WORKING TO SPECIALIZE INTO CARDIAC CELLS Once the stem cells are delivered near the damaged areas of the heart, the regeneration of cardiac (heart) cells is possible. There is a lack of understanding on how or why specifically the stem cells turn into heart cells. â€Å"Recent studies indicated that the benefits associated with adult stem cell injection might come from paracrine effects, the effect of a nearby cell sending chemical and electrical signals to the stem cell, and not from myocardialRead MoreStem Cell Research : Stem Cells1416 Words   |  6 PagesDana Moua English IV 25 April 2016 Stem Cell Research What are stem cells? Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that are found in multicellular organisms. The reason for scientist’s interest in stem cells is because of the possible applications of using them. These stem cells can be used to regrow organs/tissues. By using stem cells, scientists may be able to find cures for different cancers, certain genetic diseases, and different physical trauma damages. They can be used to treat a varietyRead MoreStem Research On Stem Cell Research1747 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish 111-36 25 November 2014 Stem Cell Research Stem cell research has cultivated a new, miraculous study in the health field. The study has led to an increase in curing diseases over the past couple of decades. Before stem cell research, diseases were destroying and devastating lives continuously on end. With the use of stem cells in modern time, diseases are no longer taking control of lives. The innovation in biomedical technology, such as stem cell research, has greatly impacted the understandingRead MoreStem Cell Research Controversy : Stem Cells1886 Words   |  8 Pages Stem cell research controversy. What is the first thing that comes to your mind? A person like me will either agree with it or disagree with this topic. I personally agree with stem cell research. First I want to start by pointing out that there are three main stem cells used in research the adult stem cell, induced-pluripotent stem cells, and lastly the embryonic stem cells. It has been shown that using blood stem cells to treat diseases of the blood hav e been beneficial, and has also saved manyRead MoreStem Cells And Adult Stem Cell Research882 Words   |  4 PagesStem cell are cells with the ability to divide for indefinite periods in culture and to give rise to specialized cells( Introduction [Stem Cell Information]., 2015). Stem cells, like any other cell divide, however, when stems cells divide they either remain a stem cell or become a specialized cell, for example, a neuron (Introduction [Stem Cell Information]., 2015). Stem cell research is nothing new; in fact the first bone marrow transplant to successfully treat two siblings with combined immunodeficiency

Pride And Prejudice By Joe Wright - 929 Words

The stories about the football player falling in love with the shy girl, the prince falling in love with a servant girl, or where the rich guy falls in love with a poor girl is most often seen in movies and books. These stories all present issue about how divided social classes are. Focus Pictures’ version of the famous Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice directed by Joe Wright and won numerous awards for best actress, production design, best motion picture, and many more. The trailer for Pride and Prejudice made it seem as though this was just going to be a love story between a rich man named Darcy, played by Matthew MacFadyen and a poor girl named Elizabeth Bennet, played by Keira Knightley, but overall it wasn’t just that. Under that story lies an overwhelming amount of social conflict, ideas spreading from the feminist theory, to marriage, to most importantly social class. The story looks into the Bennet family and their situation. They are about to lose all th eir land, and society in their time is patriarchal based in that only eldest son receives entailment to their real-estate. However, the real problem comes from the fact that Mr. Bennett has five daughters! Mr. and Mrs. Bennett marry their daughters off to men with power and money so they can ensure that they are financially secured. In this era women had no choice but to marry young, dues to the face they didn’t have as many job opportunities. On top of that if they hadn’t been married they would have been mocked.Show MoreRelatedPride and Prejudice, directed by Joe Wright1305 Words   |  6 Pages For those that enjoy romantic costume dramas set in England, the 2005 film version of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice starring Kiera Knightley and Mathew MacFadyen is the perfect movie to watch on a rainy day while sitting in a comfy chair, sipping hot tea, with a plate of biscuits nearby. Director Joe Wright’s and screen writer Deborah Moggach’s film â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† brings a romanticized slant to the world of the Bennet’s where the main dilemma facing the family is what to do with fiveRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1446 Words   |  6 PagesAusten’s: Pride and Prejudice; two well-known versions would be Sue Birtwistle’s 1995 BBC miniseries and Joe Wright’s 2005 version. Both films depict a love story between a man and a woman who have to overcome a series of obstacles to end up together. It is clear that these two very different directors interpret the original novel in their own way, but is it more imp ortant to stay true to the original, or to tweak and change some of it? When it comes to Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, Birthwistle’sRead MorePride and Prejudice: A Film Review Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesUpon being assigned to write a film review for Joe Wright’s 2005 instant classic Pride and Prejudice, for a â€Å"Writing by Women† course my pulse quickened and my pupils dilated. This physiological reaction to the task before me was not founded in the same excitement that had the dozen or so young women in my class squealing and clapping with giddy approval. Rather it stemmed from a much more primal instinct—FEAR! A fear that was quickly confirmed; for, while my amygdila was still wrestling withRead MoreCompare and Contrast Pride and Prejudice1108 Words   |  5 Pagesscript, sets, costumes and cinematography block the view? For example, look at Jane Austen s classic love story Pride and Prejudice as told in two very different films. While both versions correctly tell the tale of love winning out over one girl s selfish conceit and opinionated judgments, Simon Langton s AE miniseries holds true in every way to the depth of the story, while Joe Wright s 2005 feature film dances over only the popularly known highlights. The resulting views of the story and romanticRead MoreEssay on Victorian Era Ideologies1019 Words   |  5 Pagesorphans go through shows that Victorians were very callous and uncaring towards the lives of the children and believe that because they have no parents, they are able to treat them like dirt. Jane Austen’s novel ‘Pride and Prejudice’ was made into a film adaption directed by Joe Wright with Keira Knightly playing the role of the story’s protagonist Elizabeth Bennet. The film expresses themes of romance, reputation and class. The Bennet family is middle-upper class they live in a large, lavish countryRead MoreReflective Essay On The Darkest Hour971 Words   |  4 PagesIn a November telephone interview from Los Angeles, Joe Wright explains that Churchill was a notoriously difficult employer. â€Å"He expected a lot from those who worked for him,† he says, â€Å"and his secretaries were kept on 24-hour call so that at any time of the day or night he would be able to send off a memo about every aspect of the war from sugar availability to the movements of giant armies.† According to one historian, Churchill’s frequent and numerous memos, sent to his war cabinet and staff membersRead MoreCharacter Analysis: Mr. Darcy Essay1052 Words   |  5 PagesCharacter Analysis: Mr. Darcy Introduced to Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice as a tall, handsome, self-absorbed aristocrat, Darcy experiences a change in personality and character. In order to dispose of his existent views on money and marriage, Darcy needed to feel something, to fall in love. Although he was well mannered, he did not know how to treat women with respect, especially those of a lesser economic status. The love of Elizabeth Bennet, however, changed his behavior. The reader isRead MoreCharacter Analysis of Mr. Darcy in Pride and Prejudice Essay1019 Words   |  5 PagesCharacter Analysis: Mr. Darcy Introduced to Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice as a tall, handsome, self-absorbed aristocrat, Darcy experiences a change in personality and character. In order to dispose of his existent views on money and marriage, Darcy needed to feel something, to fall in love. Although he was well mannered, he did not know how to treat women with respect, especially those of a lesser economic status. The love of Elizabeth Bennet, however, changed his behavior. The reader isRead MoreSociology And Mental Illness2832 Words   |  12 PagesPauley 2000). This isn’t just stating that Joe Shmoe walking down the street with a mental illness will be stigmatized. Everyone can be stigmatized, no matter their socioeconomic status, job, age, or gender. It is stated in the article, Medical Sociology and the Study of Severe Mental Illness: Reflections on Past Accomplishments and Directions for Future Research, that people have to be officially labeled mentally ill to be stigmatized (Cook, Wright 1995). This label causes the mentally illRead More Visions of The Primitive in Langston Hughes’s The Big Sea Essay examples6201 Words   |  25 Pagesnever fulfilled in the African section of The Big Sea: it remains an unattainable ideal, a dream as romantic fantasy with Hughes as a deracinated and exiled figure.5 According to Martha Cobb, â€Å"Hughes’s poetic exploration of black identity and racial pride led to a considerable, and quite understandable, romanticizing of Africa and the poetic themes connected with it† (Cobb, p.109). But The Big Sea debunks with bitter irony the â€Å"the primal appeal of the tom-toms† which David Levering Lewis finds in the

Claudius The Surprise Emperor - 1097 Words

Niko Akaras Mr Bozzi. AMW February 21, 2017 Claudius: The Surprise Emperor Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus was born in 10 AD in Gaul, modern day France. Due to an illness as a child he developed a limp and partial deafness. Because of this he was ostracized from his family, believing he was mentally challenged. Coming from a family of such high stature, Claudius was hidden until his teens, seen as an embarrassment to the family name. He gained the attention of his family when, in his teens, he began writing history. While he did not write history for long, as his works were too critical of Octavian, this showed his family that he was not mentally challenged and possessed full cognitive ability. Despite this, he was†¦show more content†¦He gave up many privileges that former emperors took advantage of and always approaching the senate with respect, almost as equals. However this was not enough to please the Senate as many plots were hatched in the senate on Claudius’ life. So Claudius used other methods to gain legitimacy . Under Claudius, the Roman Empire expanded for the first time on the scale of Augustus since then. He extended the empire s reach to the East by annexing Thrace (Macedonia), Pamphylia (Turkey), Lycia (Turkey) and Judea (Israel). He also extended north by annexing Noricum (Austria) and beginning a campaign to invade Britain. This was not the first time the Romans had attempted to take over Britain, as Caesar had tried before, but if the legendary Julius Caesar could not take Britain, no one could. Claudius disagreed. With great ambition and personal involvement, he ordered the invasion of Britain. He landed with his troops in Britain and stood along side them during the beginning of the campaign, before having to return to Rome. His campaign proved very successful and the southern part of Britain was annexed. Later Claudius’ successors would continue his campaign in Britain, but none would be possible without his initial invasion. In order to govern such an expansive empire, Claudius expanded the idea of client kingdoms and assigned a regional king to rule over their land. The ‘client king’ would be a native man of stature and well respected in theirShow MoreRelatedThe Roman Empire and Nero Essay944 Words   |  4 PagesA.D. Seneca, chief Roman tragic writer and philosopher in the time, who just came back from exile is summoned to the Roman emperors castle by the old emperor Claudius wife Julia Agrippina. He is assigned to tutor her son, Nero. Nero is a spoiled little twenty-year old fat freak hungry for gladiator-ism. He hates his step- father, Claudius for he always treats him as a good for nothing child, which he is. Where-from he feels indebted to his mother who seemingly gives him full attention andRead More Boadicea Essay856 Words   |  4 Pagesbecome a part of the Roman Empire. Iceni was amongst them, which happened to be the tribe of the famous Boadicea and her husband Prasutagus. However, Caesar and his army left that same year because they found the conditions too cold. Later in 43 AD Claudius Nero came into power. A man who was both cruel and pitiless, in his lifetime he managed to not only kill both his wives, his brother, and his mother but was known to go around the streets at night killing random men. Nero who wanted so badly to earnRead MoreThe Legacy Of Claudius Nero By Marcus Tullius Cicero1636 Words   |  7 Pagestribulations that have plagued us in recent times, and in particular during the long r eign of Tiberius Claudius Nero Drusus Caesar, known simply to the people as Tiberius. It is worth noting at this point that I, (name here) have, during my long life served in my greatest capacity under the reign of all of our emperors, Augustus, Tiberius, the mad Gaius, and finally under our current emperor, Claudius. After 65 long and burdensome years, I am at last able to divulge my knowledge of the events that unfoldedRead MoreDeath theme In the play Hamlet by Shakespeare1418 Words   |  6 Pagesthe apparel suggests a killing attitude. The Ghost, the symbol of Death, reveals the truth of him being murdered by his own brother to his son, Hamlet, and asks for revenge. Because of King Hamlets death, Claudius gets the throne and Gertrude betrays her late husband and remarries with Claudius. The murder and the betrayal, therefore, become the main grounds for Hamlets actions. The young Hamlet is given a valid reason to be mad and willing to accept the role of spreading death. The Ghost is theRead MoreComparison Between Roman And Roman Civilization1565 Words   |  7 Pagespercentages from the Domain, Ever since then Rome has always been widely known for its brutal behavior and its people that has made it for what it is today, Roman history has left more of bloody legacy outweighing the bad over good, And of course Emperors themselves have left such permeant print of horror that consist of evil and greed and learn why Rome is the way it because of it, People like Caesar, Augustus and much more have given Rome the Sodom and Gomorrah. Julius Caesar prevailed issuesRead MoreIn drama Hamlet, Shakespeare showed Hamlet in war for women. In the family, the son is Hamlet2300 Words   |  10 Pagessome lines from his own mind. He instructs and put privately Horatio to look at the reaction of the King to the play, and to have success in testing the conscience of the King. His reason or Ego works when Hamlet pushes back the idea of killing Claudius while he prays with the remorse, The excuse that he would send him to the heaven in such a moment of the repentance. When he returned from exile in Act V, onw sees a very different picture. He is calm, rational and less fear of death than simplyRead MoreThe Origins of Roman Religion and Its Progress Essay2671 Words   |  11 Pagesdignity, and if any nation deserves to be allowed to claim that its ancestors were gods, that people is ours. Livy As can be seen, the strength of the Roman Empire may have had a great deal to do with the belief that the emperors became deities once they had died. This supported them, and strengthened their power, as will be discussed later. The city of Rome itself was also built under religious beliefs: Romulus and Remus, the sons of the god Mars and a mortalRead MoreBoudiccas Resistance to Roman Expansion and Rule in Britannia2303 Words   |  10 PagesThe Iceni remained passive as the Roman Emperor Claudius and his army conquered large parts of Britain in 43AD. As an attempt to save his people from conflict, King Prasutagus made an act of compliance and went to Camulodunum to become a client/king, this forced him to answer to Roman ruling, but enabled his tribe and culture to remain. After his death in 60 AD, Prasutagus Prasutagus left his kingdom to be shared by his two daughters and the new Roman Emperor, Nero. Roman law did not allow royal inheritanceRead MoreThe Media Techniques Employed to Give the Audience a Negative Impression of Commodus3007 Words   |  13 Pagesan emotionally unbalanced human being, when he hears people talking ill of him or he is suspicious of someone doing so, he loses control of himself. That is why when his father tells him that he doesnt want his son to become the new emperor of Rome when he passes away it enrages him, but he tries his best to try to control it. What makes matters even worse and pushes Commodus over the edge is when his father tells him that he was brought up in a life of lies and pretenceRead MoreLet Majorship English4572 Words   |  19 Pageson the individual b. Belief in the child’s superior insight c. Celebration of the nature d. Emphasis on the power of imagination 2. What feeling is expressed in this line â€Å"My heart leaps up when I behold a rainbow in the sky†? A. Surprise C. Fear B. Happiness D. Anger 3. What is Chekhov’s most recognizable achievement in his short stories? A. His cryptic use of symbolism B. His attention to the inner lives of his characters C. His references to biblical scriptures

Managing Operations, Information Free Essays

string(91) " in efficiently responding to changes of new procedures in the marketplace \(Gate Serve\)\." Managing Operations, Information, and Knowledge of Gate Gourmet Words 3,000 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract 4 1. 0 Introduction 5 2. 0 About Gate Gourmet 5 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Operations, Information or any similar topic only for you Order Now 0 Systems that enable efficient use of input resources and their impact on output of goods and services supplied by Gate Gourmet 6 3. 1 Transformation Process 6 3. 2 Production Techniques 6 1. Cuisine Sous-Vides 6 2. Hot Filling 6 3. Modified Atmosphere Packing 6 4. Food Safety Checks and Assurance Systems 7 5. Gate Serve Provisioning services 7 6. Post Flight Aircraft Stripping 7 2. Existence of Trade-offs within Gate Gourmet and challenges faced by following this approach 8 4. 0 Supply Chain Management issues and supplier selection 9 4. 1 Supply Chain 9 2. Supply Chain Management 9 3. Impact of integrated system in the management of suppliers and supplier selection 9 1. Alpha Flight Group 9 2. Pourshins 10 3. Supplair 10 4. DeSter 10 5. Potmstudios 11 6. Harmony 11 4. Recommendations for less advanced suppliers to establish consistent standard of operations with the supply chain activities 11 5. 0 ERP System 12 5. 1 Scala 12 1. E-Gatematrix 12 1. Challenges faced by the company in implementing ERP System 12 2. ERP implementation problems and solutions 13 1. Galley Planning 13 2. Complications of Data 13 3. Business Intelligence and Reporting 14 4. Selection of menus according to the passenger mix 14 6. Huge information used by Gate Gourmet to deliver their service 14 1. Human tacit and implicit knowledge is essential to make sense of hard statistical information and the same is used for enhancing performance 14 7. Conclusion 16 References 17 Abstract A biggest challenge for the companies in today’s world is the managing operations, information and knowledge throughout the organisation. Each and every company is struggling for the management of operations, information and knowledge in the competitive market. The whole production and delivery process, challenges with the existence of trade-off, supply chain activities, ERP, and human tacit and implicit knowledge to deal with the processes are discussed in this part with reference to the Gate gourmet Company. Managing Operations, Information, and Knowledge of Gate Gourmet 1. Introduction Each company wants to sustain in the highly competitive market. For this, the companies are involved in the management of operations, information and knowledge throughout the organisation, which has now days become of utmost importance. The company go for integration with other firms to improve their processes and for the application of software, which are used uniformly by the different departments of the organisation and their suppliers as well as customers. In the business of catering, providing right quantities at right time at the right place is of greatest importance. For the achievement of the goal, the company that enable efficient use of input resources to generate the effective output uses those systems. The company in integration with the other companies to provide the quality meals uses new production techniques. Also the supplier selection plays a critical role in supply chain management process. The company to improve their processes uses the ERP system and human tacit and implicit knowledge. In this part of study, all these activities are discussed with the case of Gate Gourmet. 2. About Gate Gourmet The Gate Group brand was introduced in early 2008 after several acquisitions after being founded in the year 1992. The company offers catering and last mile provisioning for airlines and railroads, lounges and business aviation. The company’s main force of secondary revenue is onboard retail operations (Gate gourmet). . Systems that enable efficient use of input resources and their impact on output of goods and services supplied by Gate Gourmet 1. Transformation Process It includes the processes, which converts the input to the output by adding value to the product. There are two categories of input resources i. e. transformed resources which are converted from input to the output and i nclude materials and information, and transforming resources which helps to convert input to the output and include facilities like buildings, equipments, process technology and the staff (NSW Government). 2. The new production techniques are used by Gate Gourmet to provide the meals of restaurant quality and also manageable in terms of cost, quality, service and safety. These production techniques help in efficient use of input resources. 1. Cuisine Sous-Vides The company to achieve amazing flavour and texture uses this technique. This technique relies on temperature-controlled circulator in which the food is vacuum-sealed and cooked in a precisely controlled water bath. As the method is very easy to learn, it helps in better control and reasonable results every time (PolyScience). 2. Hot Filling This technology is very easy to handle even by unskilled workers. This high temperature helps in the sterilisation of bottles and other equipments to maintain the high quality standards. 3. Modified Atmosphere Packing The technology helps in expanding the shelf life of fresh food products. The modified atmosphere packing technology substitutes the atmospheric air inside the package with the protective gas mix which ensures that the product will stay fresh for long time. The company used this technology for packing of red meats, fruits and vegetables. This helped to achieve the minimal spoilage of the input resources and lowers the costs. The company has established sophisticated machineries for this purpose (Modified Atmosphere Packaging). 4. Food Safety Checks and Assurance Systems The company voluntarily follows HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points) to ensure food safety. The company inspects every vehicle that delivers the raw materials, check by digital probe food temperatures during the production and delivery process, temperature checks on every batch food; every dish and surface is cleaned while food preparation, this helps in production and delivery of food that is clean and safe (Gate Gourmet). . Gate Serve Provisioning services Gate Serve, a subsidiary of Gate Gourmet, helps in assembling soda drawers, packing silverware, provisioning packaged food items, and aircraft watering. This helps in efficiently responding to changes of new procedures in the marketplace (Gate Serve). You read "Managing Operations, Information" in category "Essay examples" The provisioning of items helped in making the trip safe and comfortable for the passengers. For these services, the company has installed cooling systems, onboard cameras and state-of-the-art engines. 6. Post Flight Aircraft Stripping In the catering process, the carts are removed and taken to the flight kitchen and unloading and sanitisation. Using the recycling system, the trash is separated from the general waste stream and sterilised before disposal. Crockery and other reusable items are sent for dishwashing and sterilisation line (Gate Gourmet Aircraft Provisioning). 3. Existence of Trade-offs within Gate Gourmet and challenges faced by following this approach The tradeoffs between economising and flexibility were noticed within the organisation. The reduction in expenditures helped the company to gain the competitive advantage whereas; the flexibility needs to be applied to meet the last minute demand of the clients, sometimes, which may cause wastage of food products. With the conflicting demands of the organisation, trade-offs were considered within the organisation. The trade-offs are considered for balancing the transformation process. Main challenge in front of managers is to maximise the cost reduction with flexibility and the dilemma cannot be completely eliminated. The stabilisation mechanism needs to be established within the organisation to meet the uncertain demands and to maintain stability in the production and delivery process. Also, the company had dilemma of trade-offs between making and buying of certain products. Buying of food products included outsourcing to the other company. But the challenge was that the making led to increase in costs and buying which will lead to outsourcing has hidden costs that will diminish its advantages with time. And, at the time when Texas Pacific bought the company, it was under enormous stress to cut down its costs (The Guardian, 2005). . Supply Chain Management issues and supplier selection 1. Supply Chain Supply chain includes procurement of raw materials from the suppliers, conversion of raw materials to intermediate goods, and then finally to finished products. It also includes the distribution of it to the customers. Three kinds of flows exist in supply chain i. e. material, information and financ e (Ganeshan R Harrison T, 1995). Upstream refers to the activities that take place before the supply phase. And, downstream refers to the activities that take place after the supply phase. IFx system was used to integrate the whole supply chain (AirlineHubBuzz, 2012). 2. Supply Chain Management Effective supply chain management is the coordination between the various players in the chain and each channel member operates independently (Ganeshan R Harrison T, 1995). 3. Impact of integrated system in the management of suppliers and supplier selection The company goes on maintaining the relationship with those suppliers who can meet quick and flexible supply in respect to the demand changes, deliver consistently and on time with high degree of mutual understanding and trust (Acorn live: 22). . Alpha Flight Group Alpha provided full catering and provisioning services in Amsterdam. Gate Gourmet intended maximum growth and operational flexibility with Alpha through its integrated system. The company aimed to serve 80 peak season flights a day with Alpha (aircraftinteriorsinternational. com). 2. Pourshins Pourshins, a fully integrated partner provides the tools required for s upply chain model including sourcing and procurement, asset management and food and beverage logistics (Pourshins. com). The challenge in front of the company was to reduce the LEAN’s supply chain management cost, which was rising. The integration challenge was to merge the two teams of employees in the United States and understanding the Gate Gourmet’s existing warehousing, distribution and software functions (Andersen, 2008: 29). But at the same time, the integrated system helped to aggregate purchase volumes, which resulted in lowering of costs, optimisation of products and services for the total value (Pourshins. com). 3. Supplair The company designed food including fresh food preparation and packaged food to keep them safe, appealing, and requires minimum handling. The challenge in front of company with the integrated system was to review the food offered for the crew consumption and introduce the same within four weeks for Easy Jet. The elements for the key success with the integrated system were the proven web-based ordering system, which was easy to use and the excellent distribution supply chain (Supplair. com). 4. deSter Gate Gourmet selected deSter as its supplier, deSter being leading supplier in service solutions across all aircraft cabins. To win the competitive advantage over the other bidders, the tender was in the favour of Gate Gourmet with Etihad Airways. This was because of technical know-how and production capacities of deSter (deSter. com). 5. Potmstudios The company offers design for packaging, cutlery, food and beverage service ware and passenger facilities for the in-flight services. The positive implication was the best computer aided design software, which was used by the company for the fast and accurate designs (Potmstudios. com). 6. Harmony The company is totally integrated airline service provider and involved in the designing of amenity kits. Harmony provides tailor-made solutions for enhancing the passengers’ comfort on board. The operational excellence of the company helped in managing the quality of the service (Harmonyonboard. com). 4. Recommendations for less advanced suppliers to establish consistent standard of operations with the supply chain activities First of all, for implementing integrated system, the less advanced organisations analyse their business processes. It helps in the modernisation of processes during the time of changes. It is quite easier for the centralised organisations to implement the integrated system. Secondly, balancing of work designed according to the requirements of the customers is of prime importance. The software should be configured before use. Lastly, the company needs to establish a system to convert the existing data into the integrated one. For this, the company may have to move for data migration planning like identification of data, data templates generation, and deciding migration interrelated set-ups and reporting policies. This will help the less advanced suppliers to gain the competitive advantage and will also help in modernisation. The genuine trick for the integration is the free flow of information, cooperation and respecting each business’s independence (Andersen, 2008: 30). 5. ERP System ERP system is the organisation wide network for harmonising the resources, information and functions of a business. It is the modern extension of MRP1 (Materials Requirement Planning), MRP11 (Manufacturing Resource Planning), and CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing). It helps in communicating with the customers and the suppliers to improve the quality of supply chain management (Acorn live: 19). 1. Scala system Scala is the ERP software and support ERP processes. This system was exercised by the company to cover the maximum business processes of catering operations. 1. E-Gatematrix The real-time data was fed into the Scala system through ‘e-gatematrix’ system, which is the web-interface system for capturing data. 2. Challenges faced by the company in implementing ERP System 1. The company has to face the challenges due to demand fluctuations- As food has to be prepared just before 12 to 24 hours before departure, the demand keep on fluctuating till the last moment. The ‘just-in-time’ delivery after the preparation and supply of food with the last minute fluctuations become difficult and challenging (Fidanza). All the last minute changes using ERP systems become difficult sometimes. 2. The company has to re fix the schedules with flight delays- The whole process of delivery becomes cumbersome with flight delays. All the data communication through ERP in rush becomes complex. 3. ERP implementation problems and solutions 1. Galley Planning Problem-With the technological support, galley planning becomes time consuming process. Solution-Galley Planning System (GP4) of the e-gate solutions can be easily incorporated into other material planning systems to increase the precision of the data. It leads to the fuel-cost impact analysis, automatic publishing of packing instructions and the online communication of changes to the supply chain (e-Gate Solutions). 2. Complications of Data Problem- There was complications of data and their application using the e-marketplace application. Solution- The company replaced it with ePix application to improve the order search capabilities and for the simplification of the data (e-Gate Solutions). 3. Business Intelligence and Reporting Problem-The reporting of real-time sales and analysis was difficult with ERP implementation. Solution-Onboard Retail Technology (TS4) was selected for reporting functions, as TS4 was able to reconcile the real-time sales to inventory. It was also used to identify the passengers’ buying trends (e-Gate Solutions). 4. Selection of menus according to the passenger mix Problem- The main challenge in front of the company was to reduce the inventory using ERP, when the menus were fixed but the types of passengers’ keeps on changing even six hours before take-off. Solution-The Pourshins’ trademark forecaster system for food helped to build new menus and reduce the inventory and costs (e-Gate Solutions). 6. Huge information used by Gate Gourmet to deliver their service 1. Human tacit and implicit knowledge is essential to make sense of hard statistical information and the same is used for enhancing performance Inventory management includes the processes involved in maintenance of optimal number of goods and services to avoid over and under inventory. The company focuses on inventory management through state-of-the-art software. Gate Gourmet collects the necessary data from state-of-the-art software with the help of Pourshins for inventory management (Gate Gourmet). The experienced personnel are hired by the company for the use of different software’s through their tacit and implicit knowledge. The main difference between tacit knowledge and implicit knowledge is that the implicit knowledge can be codified but it is impossible to codify tacit knowledge (Toolbox. com, 2008). Suppose a flight from Taiwan to New York, may stop at Los Angeles for 2-3 hours, the company will be required to unload the trash items in this time and have to load the 5 tons of new food with cutlery and other equipments. But the challenge now appears when the last minute passengers come up and like to have the menu according to the menu of the airlines. Also, the special meals like low fat meals are required by certain group of passengers. Through the use of software, it is easy to get the statistics but the right quantities are decided by experts so as to keep the wastage and costing minimum. Here comes the use of human tacit knowledge used by experts for the inventory management, Through the use of tacit knowledge the over-catering and under-catering is avoided. As the production and delivery of more meals than actual required is both the loss for airlines as well as for the Gate Gourmet. The software covers almost all the business processes involved in inventory management. The delays in flight arrivals upset the work schedules. It becomes crucial for the company to provide right quantities at the right place to the right person. The dedicated team members take action with flexibility and quickly to achieve the goal. The costs have reduced to the great extent with the management of inventories through the tacit knowledge of the staff (Donna, 2009). Hands do the majority of food preparation, which is also a time consuming process. The inventory of finished stock of goods needs to be kept ready with the demand fluctuations. They to reduce the wastage at the bottom level use the culinary expertise and implicit knowledge. The culinary trends and expertise is used to design the menus as per the trends. This has helped the company in gaining the competitive advantage and food and journey becomes enjoyable by the customers. Inventory forecast is a mix of statistical data with the use of human tacit and implicit knowledge. The company has been using the vast information and statistics, which finally gets evaluated by the experts to decide the optimal level of inventory. As a result, it helps in improving the function of the processes; reduce inventory wastage, optimal quantity ordering to the suppliers. 7. Conclusion Concluding the whole discussion, it is very imperative for the company to go for managing operations, information and knowledge to survive in the market cutthroat competition. The company has to face various challenges for the achievement of aspirations. Besides tough times faced by Gate Gourmet, the company has been successful in the administration of operations, information and knowledge. For this, the company has deployed experienced staff all over the organisation. How to cite Managing Operations, Information, Essay examples

Case Study Analysis Business Strategies of Amazon †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Analysis Business Strategies of Amazon. Answer: Introduction Organizations worldwide are adopting online environments for doing business and establishing information systems to support their business strategies. Amazon is a popular organization that has adopted information systems for gaining competitive advantages in the retail space. This case study would explore the use of Information technology systems used in Amazon and would explore its different components including, corporate structure, corporate officers, regulatory requirements and risk management practices of Amazon. The case study analysis results would be used for making certain recommendations on improving the IT systems of the company as well as enhancing its security posture(Imran, 2014). Amazon was started by Jeff Bezos in 1995 as an online book seller and soon it started to deliver books to 50 states in 45 countries across the world. In starting, the company had a website and an order fulfilment system connected with a huge database that was run over Digital Apha Servers. By 2000, the Information system was revived with Oracle DBMS, Epiphanys analysis software and manulogistics logistics application. Business to business integrated system was provided by Excelon while Amazon Web Services and Simple Storage Service were developed by the company in-house. This report would explore the current information systems and IT management practices used by Amazon. It would make an attempt to understand the nature of the ecommerce retail business, governance structures, processes, policies, corporate offices, regulatory requirements and risk management practices of Amazon(Bluschke, 2016). The nature of the business Amazon is e-retailing organization that has 35 million customers and makes sales of $5 billion annually. Amazon has supply chain efficiencies with which it is able to provide products at affordable rates to its customers. Custom shopping experience is provided by Amazon online through product search, inside book search, wish list creation, and so on. Amazon offers multiple products including books, clothes, accessories, electronics, and more. It is present in different countries including USA, UK, Canada, China, Japan, Germany, and more(ICA, 2014). Ever since its inception, Amazon has been a successful retailer and has been able to differentiate itself from its competition such as eBay and Borders. With the Amazon platform open to resellers and integrated view of customer reviews and referrals, the company is able to capture more and more customers every time. The company has expanded into its technology offers and digital content. However, in the technology space, the company faces director competition from other giants in the space including Google, Apple, and Microsoft(Gordon, 2014). In order to evolve in the digital technology market Amazon needs to provide high quality of services. The key resources of the organization are focused on innovation and service provisions as well as on maintaining and improving its resources that include fiancs, human capital, intellectual capital and physical resources. With the large retail consent that company has, it is able to stay up with the competition as well as gain significant profit s to drive investors to them. Amazon is able to pay its suppliers in 22 days which is much less time than the competition that makes this payment within 45 days. This has also added a competitive advantage to the company by enabling a strong supplier relationship(Aggarwal Travers, 2001). Amazon has a large customer database which allows for economies in scale as well as scope with usually supportive business services offered on the same platform such that marketing efforts used for promoting outside of its platform is less. Amazon acts as an on stop shop for most needs of customers so the chances of customers switching over to competition are reduced(Ganapathy, 2015). The Kindle platform and AWS brings most revenues t the company. Amazon Prime is also used to boost its digital market through the generation of advertisements. One of the strength of the company is customer satisfaction which is due to several experiential benefits that the platform provides to its customers including peer reviews, easy checkouts, tailored product suggestions, proactive response to demands through disruptive analysis of customer data(JIRA Security and Privacy Committee (SPC) , 2007). Information System at Amazon The information system of Amazon is based on service oriented architecture (SOA) which provides opportunity to the companies to use data and logic multiple times and enables the company to develop a variety of software components rapidly with sustainability. The framework enables integration of modular and structural components along with the support for large transactions. Services can be accessed from multiple platforms and from different locations such that consumer demands can be fulfilled instantly(AHIMA, 2014). The information system of Amazon mainly consists of transaction processing system, recommendation system , and interactive search system. Transaction system allows customers to personalize their profile and order products online through credit or debit card payment and using one click purchase feature. Recommender system makes recommendations to customers based on their past purchases and searches. Interactive searching helps customers explore catalogues to find specific items(AJAYI, 2003). Besides these specific information systems, the company uses enterprise wide IT systems for managing its retail supply chain that includes Enterprise Resource management system and Customer relationship management system. ERP database holds customer information and automates ordering process by searching the nearest distribution centre automatically. CRM system is uses for collecting all the customer data including orders, transactions, card records, profile, past purchases, wish list, product reviews, and customer feedback(Imran, 2014). Information technology systems need to be sustainable and continuously improved in order to sustain business operations in the modern world. Amazon has been upgrading and improving them ecommerce systems through the use of Big Data Analytics that uses huge data sets generated from page visits, clicks, user time on website, their demographics, social information and visit times(MYOB, 2016). Big data also gives the analysiss information about the demand and supply scenarios in every stage of the supplely chain of Amazon. Amazon has invested a significant amount on its IT systems including website management, search functionality, customer interaction, transaction processing, and order fulfilment. These systems not just need a huge investment but also a well-developed It infrastructure which Amazon has(Aggarwal Kapoor, 2012). Information technology is important for Amazon as the company has to deal with a large number of products, enquiries, requests for gift wrapping, and choice of shopping methods. Amazon uses Apathy Cloud software for managing its marketplace, inventory, and order management system. IT is used by the company to create a sustainable advantage such that the company is able to differentiate it from competition. Amazon Web Services provide storage and computing services to the corporate which generates a revenue stream for the retailer. Organizations that do not have finances for investment into IT are usually suitable for AWS(Ganapathy, 2015). Governance structures, processes, and policies IT governance has three main objectives to fulfil and these include regulatory or legal compliance, operational excellence, and optimum risk management. It results from a combination of factors including structure, leadership, and processes. IT governance usually comes in two forms that include governance institute model and archetypical model(Arnold, 1991). The institute model has objectives like strategic alignment of IT with business processes, value generation from IT, IT resources management, risk management, performance monitoring, IT principles adherence, IT architecture development, IT infrastructure development, understanding of business application needs, and investment prioritization for IT systems. IT governance structure talks of the distribution of rights to decision making by different parties in a system(Mortel, et al., 2012). As per the archetypical information technology governance model, IT governance involves two research streams including firm size and factors affecting decisions. Contingencies affect the structural decisions of the organization which can be centralized or decentralized. In centralized structure, economies of scale are the focus while in a decentralized structure(Mortel, et al., 2012); customization and integration of changing processes are important(Chittum, 2011). The decision making structures are affected by the archetypical political structures that include IT monarchy, business monarchy, and IT duopoly, federal, feudal, and anarchical structures(VISA, 2000). Organizations can assess their own IT systems using different models including Carnegie Mellon's capability maturity model integration and COBIT framework management guidelines. CMMi identifies 5 maturity levels of IT systems in six categories including communication maturity, competency maturity, governance maturity, partnership maturity, technology maturity, and skills maturity. In COBIT framework, beside the maturity models indicating value delivery, key goal indicators (KGI), and critical success factors (CSF), and key performance indicators (KPI) are also determined(Gordon, 2014). Corporate officers and their roles When establishing any organization, a bard of directors is established from top corporate officers including Chairman, corporate treasurer, and corporate secretary. These officers are responsible for providing operational guidance to the corporation. Their responsibilities include fiduciary like achieving financial well-being of the organization and strategic which involving setting up of vision, mission, and policies for an organization. The roles of each of these executive officers include(BMW Manufacturing Co., LLC, 2015): Chairman: A chairman is the primary spokesperson of an organization who signs legal documents on behalf of the board of directors. A chairman participates in board meeting and ensures that they go as per pre-decided agenda. Jeff Bezos is the Founder, CEO, and chairman of the organization. He has served the company as President from 1996 till 1999 and then from 2000 till today(Demir, 2017). Corporate Vice President: Corporate VP chairpersons the company but on ad-hoc basis but also has some regular duties in an organization. Amit Agarwal who is the head of Indian division of Amazon is also Corporate Vice President of the organization. Besides him, there are senior Vice Presidents of divisions of the company including Business Development, seller services, Web services, worldwide digital media, International retail, Finance, Ecommerce platform, North America Retail and Worldwide operations(WikiInvest, 2010). Corporate Board Secretary: The responsibility of the secretary is to create and maintain company records and documents. Minutes of the board meetings are recorded by the secretary. Besides the meetings, there are other corporate records to be maintained by the secretary that include events, personnels records, payroll records, and policies The responsibility of ensuring that these records are kept safe is with the secretary. L. Michelle Wilson is the Secretary, General Counsel, and the senior vice president of Amazon(Buckley, et al., 2015) Corporate Board Treasurer: Corporate Board treasurer chairs the finance committee of the board. The responsibility of the treasurer to maintain the financial well-being of an organization but his duties is not routine. His responsibility include development of budget, maintenance of budget, creating and review of financial policies, investment decisions review, annual finance audit of the corporation. Andrew Beath has been a Director and treasurer for the board of Amazon since 1997(Ward, 2010). Regulatory requirements Regulatory environment plays a significant role in determining any companys success Government imposes taxes and have several other regulatory measures that are intended to promote the economic growth of the organization and provide consumer protection from exploitation by any organization. With an understanding of regulatory environment, an organization can adapt its operations to the regulatory features. These regulatory measurements could be related to taxation, trade policies, economic policies, and politics(DH/Digital Information Policy, 2007). Each of these factors affects the working of an organization in specific regulatory environment. For instance, in case of trade policies, there can be multiple policy requirements such as tax policies, fiscal policy, monetary policy, regulatory policy, government policy and polices about property rights. A trade policy can either prevent or promote business growth in a country depending on whether it promotes free trade or not. Strict tra de policies can lead to trading losses for an organization(Demir, 2017). There are no single set of regulatory requirements that an organisation has to take care of while operating if it is a multinational organization like Amazon as every country can have a different regulatory environment. Thus, the organization is likely to ace different regulatory challenges. For instance, in India, the government has passed regulations that can affect the pricing and sales sourcing which currently Amazon seems to be violating. The organization has not been provided with sufficient time for enforcement and thus, it is a challenge for the organization. This can pose restrictions on the way ecommerce foreign companies operate in India such as Amazon. A major success for Amazon in India has been due to us Cloud tail strategy but it has now become illegal which would lead to a loss of up to 50% of the sales Amazon makes in India(PYMNTS, 2016). In Texas, company faces challenges in its operations due to unfriendly regulatory environment. As per the government rule, a retailer was not required to pay taxes unless it was in the physical nexus. Amazon had physical operations in only 17 states and thus, for other locations, Amazon could enjoy tax free facilities. However, with some legal trucks applied, Amazon was able to save more on taxes. Amazon had a distribution centre in Texas but did not pay sales tax that resulted into legal disputes as government emended $269 million which was claimed as uncollected taxes from Amazon in 2016(Chittum, 2011) Risk Management The risk management practices of the company are considered good worldwide especially in ecommerce Fraud Prevention. It uses latest technologies like statistical data modelling, cloud computing and has scalable distributed systems to support its transactions worldwide. The company has established a Transaction Risk Management Services (TRMS) for designing and building performance software systems and for preventing frauds in transactions(Ward, 2010). Risk management in retail involves identification of security risks that an information system may face and taking steps to reduce or counter the security threats. Several measures can be taken by the retail organization in order to do this such as development of an internal fraud management system which is used by Amazon(COmmon Criteria, Federal Ministry of the Interior ). There can also be certain other measures that Amazon has taken to secure its internal systems as well as the ecommerce system for the protection of consumers including use of Verified by Visa and MasterCard Secure Code while making transactions, establishing a process for managing post-authorizations, using display effective policies, and intrusion prevention through passwords and software updates(VISA, 2012). Recommendations for Improvement Based on the study conducted on the IT systems of Amazon, some suggestions can be made for the improvement of its systems and structures such as: Amazon has good presence all over the world and has established and world class IT systems that are used for managing its operations. However, when it comes to the governance aspect, the company faced several challenges in multiple countries including developed countries like India. Thus, it is recommended that the company works to improve upon its strategies to take care of governance aspects by adopting local approaches to managing its IT systems in specific countries like India(Bluschke, 2016). Cyber crime is increasing day by day and affecting retail operations such hat ecommerce is at a big threat which is the key business model for Amazon. Thus, the company needs to use more intense measures for security and protection of organization as well as consumers. Business model of Amazon can be imitated and thus, it must work on building stronger competitive advantages using its IT systems such that it can stay ahead in competition(Buckley, et al., 2015). Amazon uses ERP systems that have helped it enhance its IT potential but its knowledge management is still an area that needs improvement as it is not integrated to the ERP or IT system of the organization. With its integration, customer issues resolution would improve which would drive up the customer satisfaction for Amazon. Most of the IT systems used in Amazon are standard. However, with adoption of new technologies like Artificial Intelligence, Amazon can create a special bond with the customers as it would allow the company representatives to connect with people in a more engaging manner(Barrett, 1996). Amazon can enhance its synergy between its different systems by integrating the information sources like sales, advertisement and after sales services such that its information systems can be better used to aid the customer at every touch point. Integration can be done with the social networking platforms which would allow the company to promote its products and services getting closer to the customers(COmmon Criteria, Federal Ministry of the Interior ). Amazon can improve its sorting feature on the ecommerce platform by allowing customers to have more filtering options such as sorting of products based on reviews or recent sales Amazon has been facing issues of phishing with customers as it has been continuously improving its systems and thus, it should create awareness about the same to the customers so as to reduce the phishing threats to its customers. Marketing campaigns of Amazon can be customized across different consumer communities and include the suggestions of customers while making customized information available to them Transparency in the systems can be improved if dashboards are provided to sales people for tracking sales across product lines and identifying individual contributions of the sales people while measuring key performance indicators(Chittum, 2011). Conclusions This case study was prepared to identify and analyse the Information Systems Strategies and Information technological management structures used in organizations. For this, the paper took the case of Amazon which is an online retail giant and explored the information systems used in Amazon, corporate structure used in the organization, corporate officers managing the organization, regulatory requirements and risk management practices in the organization. It was found that Amazon used some state of art information technology systems and a variety of information service was provided to its customers through digital media. It uses big data technologies for understand its customers and make modifications in their offers and offer customized recommendations to retain customers. The organization as a very strong database of customers. In the security posture, the company has a special team for managing security of its IT systems and has a very strong fraud prevention program. However, in some areas of IT management, the company is facing some major challenges such as governance. It has faced legal hassles in countries like India and US against the taxation and other legal matters which it is required to resolve. Based on the case study analysis, certain recommendations were made to improve the security posture of the organization as well as enhancement of the IT systems of Amazon. Some of these recommendations included integration of its knowledge management with ERP, improvement in it sorting feature, increasing transparency, and educating customers about phishing attacks. References Aggarwal, A. K. Travers, S., 2001. E-Commerce in Healthcare:Changing the Traditional Landscape. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT, 15(1), pp. 25-36. Aggarwal, N. Kapoor, M., 2012. Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) - Its role and importance in Business Competitiveness. GIAN JYOTI E-JOURNAL, 1(2), pp. 1-14. AHIMA, 2014. INFORMATION GOVERNANCE Principles for Healthcare (IGPHC), s.l.: American Health Information Management Association. AJAYI, O. T., 2003. INTERACTIVE DATA VISUALIZATION IN ACCOUNTING CONTEXTS: IMPACT ON USER ATTITUDES, INFORMATION PROCESSING, AND DECISION OUTCOMES, Lafayette: University of Louisiana. Arnold, S. E., 1991. STORAGE TECHNOLOGY:A REVIEW OF OPTIONS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING, s.l.: Information Access Company. Barrett, P., 1996. BETTER PRACTICE PRINCIPLES FOR PERFORMANCE INFORMATION, s.l.: Australian National Audit Office. Bluschke, N., 2016. To E or not to Be Amazon's role in the retail industry, s.l.: Module Vienna University. BMW Manufacturing Co., LLC, 2015. Information Technology Research Center. [Online] Available at: https://www.bmwusfactory.com/manufacturing/building-a-better-bmw/information-technology-research-center/ [Accessed 24 December 2015]. Buckley, C., DeFina, P. Root, L., 2015. WALMART VS AMAZON: Economist 2016 Investment Case Competition , s.l.: RealVision . Chittum, R., 2011. Amazon Bolts Texass Unfavorable Regulatory Environment. [Online] Available at: https://archives.cjr.org/the_audit/amazon_bolts_texass_unfavorabl.php [Accessed 20 May 2017]. COmmon Criteria, Federal Ministry of the Interior . Common Criteria Protection Profile Biometric Verification Mechanisms. Bundesamt fr Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik , pp. 2-64. Demir, A., 2017. Management Information System: Case Study of Amazon.Com. Journal of Research in Business and Management, 4(11), pp. 11-17. DH/Digital Information Policy, 2007. NHS Information Governance: Guidance on Legal and Professional Obligations, s.l.: NHS . Ganapathy, N., 2015. Inside Amazon: a Great Environment Fostering Innovation or a Brutal Workplace?, s.l.: SDMIMD. Gordon, F. R., 2014. Information Technology Governance Structures on Strategic Alignment, s.l.: Liberty University. ICA, 2014. Acquisition, development Implementationof Information Systems, India: ICA. Imran, A. A., 2014. A STUDY ON AMAZON: INFORMATION SYSTEMS, BUSINESS STRATEGIES AND e-CRM, s.l.: University of Malaya. JIRA Security and Privacy Committee (SPC) , 2007. Information Security Risk Management for Healthcare Systems , s.l.: MITA (Medical Imaging Technology Alliance) . Mortel, C., Wu, P.-L. Chan, C.-H., 2012. The e-commerce industry, s.l.: Amazon. MYOB, 2016. Protecting your confidential information. [Online] Available at: https://myob.com.au/myob/australia/myob-security-recommendations-1257829253909 PYMNTS, 2016. Amazons Ambitions In India May Have Hit A Regulatory Roadblock. [Online] Available at: https://www.pymnts.com/amazon-commerce/2016/amazons-ambitions-in-india-may-have-hit-a-regulatory-roadblock/ [Accessed 20 May 2017]. VISA, 2000. Risk Management Risk Management: Merchant Best Practices, s.l.: VISA. VISA, 2012. merchants guide to merchants guide to Risk management , s.l.: VISA. Ward, T., 2010. Strategies for Reducing the Risk of eCommerce Fraud, s.l.: First Data Corporation.. WikiInvest, 2010. Amazon Executive Officers. [Online] Available at: https://www.wikinvest.com/stock/Amazon.com_(AMZN)/Executive_Officers [Accessed 20 May 2017].

This Dead Butcher And His Fiend Like Queen, Is The Way In Which Malcol

"This dead butcher and his fiend like queen", is the way in which Malcolm describes Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Describe the way in which these two characters changed during the course of the play. At the beginning of the play Macbeth is seen as a courageous soldier who is loyal to the King but is corrupted from the witches prophecies and by his and Lady Macbeth's ambition. This is because of the weakness of Macbeth's character and the strong power of Lady Macbeth and how she is easily able to influence him. Her strength motivates him at the start but after he realises what he has done it is himself that continues in his murderous, bloody path. At the beginning of the play Lady Macbeth appears as a kind wife of Macbeth's but underneath lies a scheming and treacherous woman. In the beginning of the play Macbeth is a strong soldier who fights for the King without mercy but his strive for ambition and his curious nature leads him to the witches who give him a prophecy. Banquo realises that there must be a trick hidden in the witches prophecies somewhere but Macbeth refuses to accept that, and when Lady Macbeth finds out about the witches her strong desire for ambition and her cold nature leads Macbeth astray. Macbeth is a little ambitious at first, but Lady Macbeth's far exceeds his and so she is able to get Macbeth to agree with her to kill King Duncan. Macbeth still has a conscience at this stage because he is very hesitant about killing the King but his weak nature over comes him. He has a conscience throughout the entire play as this is seen by the hallucinations of the dagger and the ghost of Banquo and his vivid imagination and his constant worry also provokes him. This is also evident in his terrible dreams which gives the solid theme that he has in deed "murdered sleep". Throughout the play we see the character of Macbeth change not from just the way he thinks and what we hear from the play, but from the actions he takes in the play, from killing Banquo, then having Lady Macduff and her children murdered, shows the insecurity that was present in Macbeth. After the murder of Duncan Macbeth becomes paranoid and his first step of killing the guards is one of many that Macbeth takes to secure himself. Macbeth is also very superstitious and this is shown when he believes the prophecy the witches told him that Banquo's offspring would become Kings. Towards the end of the play when Macbeth's wife has died and the battle is drawing closer Macbeth shows some good which may have been. He wishes for a normal life for which he would have lived to an honourable age but he recognises that he has denied himself of this. Even when Macbeth hears that the prophecy has become true of Birnam Wood coming to Dunsinane, he rejects this idea and fights on until he realises that Macduff wasn't born in a natural birth but instead was "Untimely ripped" from his mother's womb. When Macbeth hears of this he realises what he has done and how he has been tricked by the witches but instead he realises that it is useless and so he fights on only to be slain. Macbeth can be summarised into a character although strong physically he is very weak mentally and it is this weakness which causes the downfall and change of Macbeth. Other factors do however also contribute to this change such as his wife whose ambition is very strong at first and is much more stronger mentally than Macbeth but it is also Macbeth's ambition and his trust in the witches which ultimately change him. Lady Macbeth seems to be almost opposite compared to that of Macbeth in physical and mental power. Lady Macbeth is the person who is able to persuade Macbeth into killing Duncan, assuring Macbeth that it will succeed, as Lady Macbeth's ambition is far greater than that of Macbeth. This change in the character of Lady Macbeth is apparent after she reads the letter from Macbeth as she goes and talks to the evil spirits to make herself evil